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Jewish Last Names

Explore Jewish last names from Ashkenazi, Sephardic and Mizrahi traditions, from Cohen and Levi to Horowitz, Toledano and Sassoon, each with its meaning and the history behind it.

300 real surnames with meanings, A to Z.

A

  • Aaronson אהרונסון

    Son of Aaron

  • Abecassis אבקסיס

    Possibly father of the priest (Arabic)

  • Abergel אברג'ל

    Moroccan Jewish family; possibly Berber origin

  • Abramowitz אברמוביץ

    Son of Abram (Abraham)

  • Abravanel אברבנאל

    Iberian Sephardi family; origin uncertain

  • Abulafia אבולעפיה

    Father of health (Arabic abu al-afiya)

  • Abutbul אבוטבול

    Father of the drum (Arabic)

  • Adler אדלר

    Eagle; often a house sign

  • Aharon אהרון

    Aaron; possibly exalted

  • Alfasi אלפסי

    From Fez, Morocco

  • Alon אלון

    Oak tree

  • Amar עמר

    Long-lived (Arabic)

  • Amit עמית

    Colleague; friend

  • Amsalem אמסלם

    Moroccan Jewish family; possibly Berber origin

  • Apfelbaum אפלבאום

    Apple tree

  • Arad ערד

    Biblical city in the Negev

  • Ashkenazi אשכנזי

    Ashkenazi; Jew of German origin

  • Assouline אסולין

    Possibly Berber for rocks; Moroccan Jewish

  • Attar עטר

    Perfumer (Arabic)

  • Auerbach אוירבך

    From Auerbach, Germany

  • Avidan אבידן

    Father of judgment

  • Avital אביטל

    Father of dew

  • Avraham אברהם

    Abraham; father of many

  • Azoulay אזולאי

    Moroccan Jewish family; possibly Berber origin

B

  • Bacharach בכרך

    From Bacharach on the Rhine

  • Baer בער

    Bear; Yiddish name linked to Issachar

  • Barak ברק

    Lightning

  • Bavli בבלי

    Babylonian; from Iraq

  • Becker בקר

    Baker

  • Ben-Ami בן עמי

    Son of my people

  • Ben-Ari בן ארי

    Son of a lion

  • Ben-David בן דוד

    Son of David

  • Ben-Dor בן דור

    Son of the generation

  • Ben-Gurion בן גוריון

    Son of a lion cub

  • Ben-Haim בן חיים

    Son of Haim, life

  • Ben-Moshe בן משה

    Son of Moses

  • Ben-Nun בן נון

    Son of Nun, like Joshua

  • Ben-Shimon בן שמעון

    Son of Simeon

  • Ben-Tzion בן ציון

    Son of Zion

  • Ben-Yehuda בן יהודה

    Son of Judah

  • Ben-Yosef בן יוסף

    Son of Joseph

  • Ben-Zvi בן צבי

    Son of Zvi, deer

  • Benatar בן עטר

    Son of the perfumer

  • Benveniste בנבנשתי

    Welcome (Catalan and Spanish)

  • Bergman ברגמן

    Mountain man; miner

  • Berkowitz ברקוביץ

    Son of Berek, a pet form of Ber, bear

  • Berliner ברלינר

    From Berlin

  • Bernstein ברנשטיין

    Amber

  • Birnbaum בירנבאום

    Pear tree

  • Bitton ביטון

    Moroccan Jewish family; possibly Berber origin

  • Bloch בלוך

    Foreigner from Italy or France (Polish Włoch)

  • Blum בלום

    Flower

  • Blumberg בלומברג

    Flower mountain

  • Blumenthal בלומנטל

    Flower valley

  • Braun בראון

    Brown; brown-haired

  • Brenner ברנר

    Distiller of spirits

  • Brodsky ברודסקי

    From Brody in Galicia

C

  • Cardozo קרדוזו

    Thistly place (Portuguese)

  • Carmi כרמי

    My vineyard

  • Carmona קרמונה

    From Carmona, Spain

  • Castro קסטרו

    Fort; castle (Spanish and Portuguese)

  • Chaikin חייקין

    Son of Chaika, a female name from chaim, life

  • Chazan חזן

    Cantor who leads synagogue prayer

  • Chetrit שטרית

    Moroccan Jewish family; possibly from a Berber place

  • Cohen כהן

    Priest; descendant of Aaron

D

  • Dahan דהאן

    Painter or oil seller (Arabic)

  • Damari דמארי

    From Dhamar, Yemen

  • Davidson דוידסון

    Son of David

  • Dayan דיין

    Rabbinical court judge

  • Deutsch דויטש

    German; German-speaking

  • Diamant דיאמנט

    Diamond

  • Dreyfus דרייפוס

    From Trier (Treves), Germany

  • Dror דרור

    Freedom; swallow bird

  • Dvorkin דבורקין

    Son of Dvorah (Deborah)

E

  • Edelstein אדלשטיין

    Precious stone

  • Einstein איינשטיין

    Possibly from einsteinen, to enclose with stone; or a house name

  • Eisenberg אייזנברג

    Iron mountain

  • Eisenstein אייזנשטיין

    Iron stone

  • Eitan איתן

    Strong; steadfast

  • Elbaz אלבז

    The falcon (Arabic al-baz)

  • Elkayam אלקיים

    Possibly the steadfast one (Arabic)

  • Epstein אפשטיין

    From Eppstein in Hesse, Germany

  • Erez ארז

    Cedar tree

  • Eshkol אשכול

    Cluster of grapes

  • Ettinger אטינגר

    From Oettingen in Bavaria

  • Ezra עזרא

    Help

F

  • Feigenbaum פייגנבאום

    Fig tree

  • Feinberg פיינברג

    Fine mountain

  • Feldman פלדמן

    Field man

  • Finkelstein פינקלשטיין

    Sparkling stone

  • Finzi פינצי

    Italian Jewish family; origin uncertain

  • Fisher פישר

    Fisherman or fish seller

  • Franco פרנקו

    Free; Frankish (Spanish and Italian)

  • Frankel פרנקל

    From Franconia, Germany

  • Frankfurter פרנקפורטר

    From Frankfurt

  • Friedman פרידמן

    Man of peace; from Yiddish fridman

G

  • Gabbai גבאי

    Synagogue warden; treasurer

  • Gafni גפני

    My vine

  • Gal גל

    Wave

  • Gelb גלב

    Yellow

  • Ginsburg גינזבורג

    From Günzburg in Bavaria

  • Glaser גלזר

    Glazier

  • Glick גליק

    Luck; good fortune

  • Golan גולן

    Golan; biblical city of refuge

  • Goldberg גולדברג

    Gold mountain

  • Goldman גולדמן

    Gold man; possibly a goldsmith

  • Goldschmidt גולדשמידט

    Goldsmith

  • Goldstein גולדשטיין

    Gold stone

  • Gordon גורדון

    Possibly from Grodno, Belarus

  • Greenberg גרינברג

    Green mountain

  • Greenspan גרינשפן

    Verdigris; green copper patina

  • Gross גרוס

    Big; tall

  • Grossman גרוסמן

    Big man

  • Grunwald גרינוולד

    Green forest

H

  • Hadad חדד

    Blacksmith (Arabic)

  • Hadar הדר

    Splendor; glory

  • Hakim חכים

    Wise man; physician (Arabic)

  • Halfon חלפון

    Money changer

  • Halpern הלפרין

    From Heilbronn, Germany

  • Handler הנדלר

    Dealer; trader

  • Harel הראל

    Mountain of God

  • Hecht הכט

    Pike fish; house sign

  • Heller הלר

    From Halle; or a small coin

  • Henriques הנריקס

    Son of Henrique; Portuguese Sephardi

  • Hershkowitz הרשקוביץ

    Son of Hershel, little deer

  • Herzog הרצוג

    Duke; possibly a house sign

  • Himmelfarb הימלפרב

    Sky color; sky blue

  • Hirsch הירש

    Deer; Yiddish name linked to Naphtali

  • Hirschfeld הירשפלד

    Deer field

  • Hoffman הופמן

    Farm steward; courtier

  • Honig הוניג

    Honey; honey dealer

  • Horowitz הורוביץ

    From Hořovice in Bohemia

I

  • Ibn Ezra אבן עזרא

    Son of Ezra (Arabic ibn)

  • Iraqi עיראקי

    From Iraq

  • Itzkovich איצקוביץ

    Son of Itzik (Isaac)

J

  • Jacobson יעקובסון

    Son of Jacob

K

  • Kagan קגן

    Russian form of Cohen, priest

  • Kahane כהנא

    Aramaic form of Cohen, priest

  • Kahn קאהן

    German form of Cohen, priest

  • Kaiser קייזר

    Emperor; house sign

  • Kaplan קפלן

    Chaplain; Polish translation of Cohen

  • Karmeli כרמלי

    Of Mount Carmel

  • Katz כץ

    Acronym of kohen tzedek, priest of righteousness

  • Katzenelenbogen קצנלנבוגן

    From Katzenelnbogen in Hesse

  • Kaufman קאופמן

    Merchant; trader

  • Kedem קדם

    East; ancient times

  • Kessler קסלר

    Coppersmith; kettle maker

  • Kirschenbaum קירשנבאום

    Cherry tree

  • Klein קליין

    Small; short

  • Kleinman קליינמן

    Small man

  • Kohn כהן

    Central European spelling of Cohen, priest

  • Krakauer קרקאואר

    From Kraków

  • Kramer קרמר

    Shopkeeper; peddler

L

  • Landau לנדאו

    From Landau in the Palatinate

  • Lapid לפיד

    Torch

  • Lerner לרנר

    Learner; student of Torah

  • Levi לוי

    Levite; descendant of the tribe of Levi

  • Levin לוין

    Levite; Russian and Baltic form

  • Levine לוין

    Levite; Anglicized Russian form

  • Levinson לוינסון

    Son of Levi or Levin

  • Levitan לויטן

    Levite; Eastern European form

  • Levy לוי

    Spelling of Levi; Levite

  • Lichtenstein ליכטנשטיין

    Light stone

  • Lieberman ליברמן

    Beloved man; from Yiddish liber

  • Liebowitz ליבוביץ

    Son of Leib, lion

  • Lipschitz ליפשיץ

    From Leobschütz in Silesia

  • Litvak ליטבק

    Lithuanian Jew

  • Livni לבני

    White; biblical son of Gershon

  • Loeb ליב

    Lion; symbol of the tribe of Judah

  • Lowenthal לוונטל

    Lion valley

  • Luria לוריא

    Possibly from Loria in Italy

  • Luzzatto לוצאטו

    From Lusatia; Italian Jewish family

M

  • Malka מלכה

    Queen

  • Malkin מלקין

    Son of Malka, queen

  • Mandel מנדל

    Almond; or from Mendel (Menachem)

  • Mandelbaum מנדלבאום

    Almond tree

  • Mandelstam מנדלשטם

    Almond stem

  • Margolis מרגליות

    Pearls (Hebrew margaliyot)

  • Meir מאיר

    One who shines; illuminator

  • Melamed מלמד

    Teacher of young children

  • Mendelson מנדלסון

    Son of Mendel, a pet form of Menachem

  • Mendes מנדס

    Son of Mendo; Portuguese Sephardi

  • Mizrahi מזרחי

    Easterner; Jew from the Middle East

  • Montefiore מונטיפיורי

    Flower mountain (Italian)

  • Mor מור

    Myrrh

  • Morgenstern מורגנשטרן

    Morning star

  • Moshe משה

    Moses; drawn out

  • Moskowitz מוסקוביץ

    Son of Moshko, a pet form of Moses

N

  • Nahmani נחמני

    Comforter; of Nahman

  • Nahmias נחמיאס

    From Nehemiah, comforted by God

  • Nahum נחום

    Comfort; consolation

  • Nakash נקש

    Engraver (Arabic)

  • Navon נבון

    Wise; understanding

  • Netanyahu נתניהו

    Given by God

  • Neumann נוימן

    New man; newcomer

  • Nir ניר

    Plowed field

  • Nissim ניסים

    Miracles

  • Nussbaum נוסבאום

    Nut tree

O

  • Ofer עופר

    Young deer; fawn

  • Ohayon אוחיון

    Moroccan Jewish family; origin uncertain

  • Oppenheimer אופנהיימר

    From Oppenheim, Germany

  • Oren אורן

    Pine tree

P

  • Pardo פרדו

    Grey-brown; dark-complexioned (Spanish)

  • Pasternak פסטרנק

    Parsnip

  • Peres פרס

    Bearded vulture

  • Peretz פרץ

    Breach; son of Judah in Genesis

  • Perlman פרלמן

    Pearl man; pearl dealer

  • Pinsker פינסקר

    From Pinsk, Belarus

  • Pinto פינטו

    Painted; speckled (Portuguese)

  • Polak פולק

    From Poland

  • Posner פוזנר

    From Poznań (Posen), Poland

R

  • Rabin רבין

    Rabbi

  • Rabinowitz רבינוביץ

    Son of the rabbi

  • Rapaport רפפורט

    Rapa family of Porto, Italy

  • Rimon רימון

    Pomegranate

  • Rivkin ריבקין

    Son of Rivka (Rebecca)

  • Rosen רוזן

    Roses

  • Rosenbaum רוזנבאום

    Rose tree

  • Rosenberg רוזנברג

    Rose mountain

  • Rosenblum רוזנבלום

    Rose flower

  • Rosenthal רוזנטל

    Rose valley

  • Roth רוט

    Red; red-haired; also a house sign

  • Rothschild רוטשילד

    Red shield; house sign in Frankfurt

  • Rubin רובין

    Ruby; or from Reuben

  • Rubinstein רובינשטיין

    Ruby stone

S

  • Saadia סעדיה

    Help of God

  • Sabag צבאג

    Dyer (Arabic)

  • Sadeh שדה

    Field

  • Salzman זלצמן

    Salt merchant

  • Saporta ספורטה

    The door (Catalan)

  • Sasportas ששפורטש

    Six doors (Catalan); North African family

  • Sasson ששון

    Joy; gladness

  • Sassoon ששון

    Baghdadi spelling of Sasson, joy

  • Schechter שכטר

    Ritual slaughterer

  • Schiff שיף

    Ship; house sign in Frankfurt

  • Schneider שניידר

    Tailor

  • Schreiber שרייבר

    Scribe; writer

  • Schuster שוסטר

    Shoemaker

  • Schwartz שוורץ

    Black; dark-haired

  • Segal סגל

    Acronym of segan leviyah, assistant to the Levites

  • Seligman זליגמן

    Blessed man

  • Serfaty צרפתי

    Frenchman (Hebrew Tsarfati)

  • Sfaradi ספרדי

    From Spain (Hebrew Sepharad)

  • Shabtai שבתאי

    Born on the Sabbath

  • Shaked שקד

    Almond

  • Shalev שלו

    Calm; serene

  • Shalom שלום

    Peace

  • Shamash שמש

    Synagogue sexton

  • Shamir שמיר

    Flint; thorn

  • Shapiro שפירא

    From Speyer, Germany

  • Sharabi שרעבי

    From Sharab, Yemen

  • Sharon שרון

    The Sharon coastal plain

  • Shaul שאול

    Asked for; Saul

  • Shemesh שמש

    Sun

  • Shochet שוחט

    Ritual slaughterer (Hebrew)

  • Shoham שוהם

    Onyx stone

  • Siegel זיגל

    Variant of Segal; also German for seal

  • Silberstein זילברשטיין

    Silver stone

  • Silverman סילברמן

    Silver man; possibly a silversmith

  • Singer זינגר

    Singer; synagogue cantor

  • Slutsky סלוצקי

    From Slutsk, Belarus

  • Sofer סופר

    Scribe of Torah scrolls (Hebrew)

  • Sorkin סורקין

    Son of Sorke, a pet form of Sarah

  • Spielberg שפילברג

    From Spielberg, a place name

  • Spira שפירא

    From Speyer, Germany; older form

  • Stein שטיין

    Stone

  • Steinberg שטיינברג

    Stone mountain

  • Stern שטרן

    Star; house sign

  • Sternberg שטרנברג

    Star mountain

  • Strauss שטראוס

    Ostrich; house sign in Frankfurt

T

  • Tal טל

    Dew

  • Tamir תמיר

    Tall; upright

  • Tannenbaum טננבאום

    Fir tree

  • Teitelbaum טייטלבוים

    Date palm tree

  • Tobi טובי

    My good; Yemenite Jewish family

  • Toledano טולדנו

    From Toledo, Spain

  • Tzadok צדוק

    Righteous

  • Tzur צור

    Rock

U

  • Unger אונגר

    Hungarian

W

  • Warshawsky ורשבסקי

    From Warsaw

  • Wasserman וסרמן

    Water carrier

  • Weinberg וינברג

    Vineyard; wine mountain

  • Weiner וינר

    From Vienna

  • Weinstein וינשטיין

    Wine stone; tartar

  • Weinstock וינשטוק

    Grapevine

  • Weiss וייס

    White; possibly fair-haired

  • Wertheimer ורטהיימר

    From Wertheim, Germany

  • Wilner וילנר

    From Vilnius (Vilna)

  • Wolf וולף

    Wolf; symbol of the tribe of Benjamin

  • Wolfson וולפסון

    Son of Wolf

Y

  • Yaakobi יעקבי

    Of Jacob

  • Yadin ידין

    He will judge

  • Yaron ירון

    He will sing

  • Yehuda יהודה

    Judah; praised

  • Yitzhak יצחק

    Isaac; he will laugh

  • Yosef יוסף

    Joseph; he will add

Z

  • Zakai זכאי

    Pure; innocent

  • Zeitlin צייטלין

    Possibly from Tsaytl, a Yiddish female name

  • Zohar זוהר

    Radiance; brilliance

  • Zuckerman צוקרמן

    Sugar merchant

Generate random jewish surnames

Filter by first letter, length and rarity, add a first name to preview the full name, then copy or save your favorites.

Results (6)

  • Davidson

    דוידסון

    Son of David

  • Carmona

    קרמונה

    From Carmona, Spain

  • Mandel

    מנדל

    Almond; or from Mendel (Menachem)

  • Benatar

    בן עטר

    Son of the perfumer

  • Kagan

    קגן

    Russian form of Cohen, priest

  • Attar

    עטר

    Perfumer (Arabic)

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    How Jewish last names were created

    For most of history Jews used patronymics in daily and religious life, such as Moshe ben Avraham, Moses son of Abraham. Sephardic families in Spain and Portugal had fixed surnames earlier, but most Ashkenazi Jews in central and eastern Europe received them only between the 1780s and the 1840s, when Austria, Prussia, Russia and Napoleonic France ordered Jews to register permanent family names for taxation, conscription and civil records.

    The new names fell into clear groups. Patronymics and matronymics gave Mendelssohn, Abramson and Rivkin, the last from the woman's name Rivka. Place names gave Berliner, Posner, Horowitz (from Hořovice in Bohemia), Shapiro (from Speyer) and Epstein. Occupations gave Schneider (tailor), Kaufman (merchant) and Singer (cantor). Ornamental names such as Rosenberg (rose mountain), Goldstein and Lilienthal (lily valley) were chosen for their sound, and stories of officials charging more for pretty names survive in many families.

    Priestly names and the Sephardic tradition

    Two sets of names reflect ancient religious roles. Cohen, Kahn, Kagan and Katz point to the kohanim, the priestly descendants of Aaron, and Katz is an abbreviation of kohen tzedek, righteous priest. Levi, Levy, Levin, Lewin, Levitt and Segal (from segan leviyah, assistant to the Levites) mark descent from the tribe of Levi. These roles still matter in synagogue life, so the names carry real meaning for many of the people who bear them.

    Sephardic names come from a different world. Families expelled from Spain in 1492 and Portugal in 1497 kept surnames such as Toledano (from Toledo), Abravanel, Benveniste, Pinto and Mendes, and many settled in North Africa, the Ottoman Empire, Amsterdam and later the Americas. Mizrahi Jews from Iraq, Iran, Yemen and Syria carry names such as Sassoon, Dayan and Mizrahi. In Israel many immigrants took Hebrew names: David Grün became David Ben-Gurion and Golda Meyerson became Golda Meir.

    Jewish last names in America and Ellis Island

    Roughly two million Jews came to the United States from eastern Europe between 1881 and 1924. Family stories often say a name was changed at Ellis Island, but inspectors there worked from passenger lists written at the European port and did not rename people. Changes came later, usually by choice, as immigrants and their children shortened or anglicised names for work, school or to avoid prejudice. Rabinowitz might become Robbins, and Schneider might become Snyder or Taylor.

    When researching Jewish ancestry, search for the original spelling in its Yiddish, German, Polish or Russian forms, since the same name could be written Schapiro, Szapiro or Shapiro. For fiction, match the name to the origin: a Galician Horowitz, a Lithuanian Levin, a Moroccan Azoulay and an Iraqi Sassoon each tell a different family story. Use the letter filter above to compare spellings that share the same root.

    Frequently asked questions

    When were most Jewish last names created?

    Sephardic Jews often had inherited surnames by the late Middle Ages. Ashkenazi Jews mostly received them by law between 1787, when Austria issued its decree, and the middle of the nineteenth century in Russia. Before that, a person was usually known as the son or daughter of a parent, a system still used in Hebrew religious documents.

    Why do so many Jewish surnames sound German?

    Many Ashkenazi names were registered in German or in Yiddish, which is close to German, because Habsburg and Prussian authorities kept their records in German. Even in Poland and Russia, Yiddish forms like Goldberg or Weiss were common. Sephardic and Mizrahi names, by contrast, come from Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic and Hebrew.

    Does the name Cohen mean someone is a priest?

    Cohen comes from kohen, priest, and families with the name traditionally claim descent from Aaron, the first high priest. Not every Cohen is a kohen by tradition, and many kohanim have other surnames such as Katz, Kahn or Kaplan. In observant communities the status passes from father to son regardless of the surname.

    Can Jewish last names show where a family came from?

    Often they give a good hint. Place names such as Berliner, Posner or Brody point to specific towns, Slavic endings like -ovich or -sky suggest eastern Europe, and Spanish or Arabic names suggest Sephardic or Mizrahi roots. Families moved often, though, so records are more reliable than the name alone.

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